There are over 100 islands including Lord Howe and Norfolk. Sydney, the state's capital has a population of over 3 25 million. The two coastal highways leading out of Sydney are the Pacific Hwy (north) and the Princes Hwy (south) and the two main rivers are the Murray & Darling. Other major cities are Newcastle, Wollongong, Coffs Harbour, Wagga Wagga & Dubbo. The first European settlement in 1788 at Port Jackson (Sydney Harbour) was as a harsh penal colony. Gold was discovered throughout the state as were many other natural resources in time. Today the state's main industries include property and business services, manufacturing, finance & insurance. The state's floral emblem is the Waratah.

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